trends

1. Internet of Things
2. Big Data
3. Cloud Computing
4. Automation
5. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Information Literacy is the process of Information Search and Models. Information: Data that are processed and integrated to be meaningful, like average, maximum, differences, chart.
Knowledge: useful patterns from organized data and information
Wisdom: evaluate the discovered knowledge and make recommendation for the future.

These five steps together is called the information processing cycle ▪ input, process, output, store, and communicate

Information technologies can be considered as electronic systems of hardware and software that can capture, digitally process, exchange, store, and/or present data or information.

Take computer as an example, there are many advantages of using them: ▪ Speed: huge processing speed ▪ Reliability: (quite) reliable hardware and software ▪ Consistency: consistent results ▪ Storage: huge storage capacity and many different media ▪ Communication: easy to be connected

Big Data ▪ Volume - organizations collect data from different sources ▪ Velocity: data streams in at an unprecedented speed and must be dealt with in a timely manner ▪ Variety: data comes in all types of formats ▪ Variability, data flows can be highly inconsistent with periodic peaks ▪ Complexity, multiple sources difficult to link, match

Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to uncover useful information. ▪ IaaS (or Infrastructure as a Service) ▪ PaaS (or Platform as a Service) ▪ SaaS (or Software as a Service)

Automation is any process that is self-driven, reduces, and eventually eliminates, the need for human intervention

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to “learn” from their environment.

An information literate individual should be able to: ▪ determine the extent of information needed ▪ access the needed information effectively and efficiently ▪ evaluate information and its sources critically ▪ incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base ▪ use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose ▪ understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and access and use information ethically and legally

Analog device recognizes data as a continuous measurement of a physical property

Digital device works with discrete numbers

capture the analog data and represent them by a series of numbers. The most common method to convert analog data/signal into a digital representation is sampling.

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)  Data selection  Data pre-processing  Data transformation  Data mining  Data modelling and analysis  Classification – Decision Tree